President's Message: The Tale of the Wood Species

Understanding Lumber Production and Performance

In this industry, we all inevitably face challenges and volatile raw materials markets beyond our control. In uncertain times like these, having a network to rely on—to commiserate, strategize, and set goals with—is invaluable. Organizations like NFC and SBCA are great resources we can tap into to support one another and navigate these choppy waters together.  
The tariff war has spilled into the framing industry, affecting us all in different ways. Some markets will feel it more than others, but the impact is undeniable. That’s why it’s vital to understand how choosing a native wood species and the shifting lumber supply landscape affects our work.

A Look at U.S. Lumber Production

Wood is our industry’s foundation, but not all species are created equal. In the U.S., four primary species dominate the structural lumber market: Southern Yellow Pine (SYP), Spruce-Pine-Fir (SPF), Douglas Fir, and Hem Fir. Each has distinct properties, ideal applications, and specific moisture responses that influence performance once installed¹. 

The Impact of Tariffs on Canadian Imports

With the U.S. heavily reliant on Canadian imports for SPF and some Douglas Fir, the imposition of additional tariffs by the U.S. government can have widespread consequences across different regions. In the Northeast and Midwest, where SPF is primarily used for framing lumber, tariffs could lead to volatility in construction costs, particularly in residential building projects for the Northeast and both residential and commercial in the Midwest.

In the Southeast, where Southern Yellow Pine is the primary species used, the potential volatility of tariff impacts could be less severe in terms of lumber availability. However, as demand shifts from SPF to alternative domestic species, markets for SYP may react. The Pacific South, which relies less on SPF but more on Douglas Fir, may experience moderate volatility due to increased exposure of imports from Canada.

The Pacific Northwest, home to extensive Douglas Fir production, may not experience as much volatility and disruption. However, since some Douglas Fir is still imported from Canada, there may be times of volatility. Additionally, if SPF becomes less available in other regions, the demand for alternative domestic species like Douglas Fir and Hem Fir could grow.

Southern Yellow Pine (SYP)

Southern Yellow Pine is the backbone of construction in the southeastern U.S. With an annual production of approximately 16-17 billion board feet, it is one of the most widely used softwoods in the country. Grown primarily in Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and surrounding states, SYP is known for its strength, dense grain, and exceptional nail-holding capacity. It is a staple in framing, trusses, flooring, decking, and pressure-treated lumber applications. What makes SYP unique is its ability to thrive in humid climates. Since it is native to the South, it naturally adapts to high moisture levels and maintains stability when used in similar conditions. However, when transported to drier northern climates, it can be susceptible to shrinkage or warping if not properly acclimated and dried before installation.

Spruce-Pine-Fir (SPF)

Spruce-Pine-Fir is a lightweight, high-strength softwood primarily produced in Canada and the northern U.S. The U.S. produces a smaller volume of SPF, relying heavily on imports from Canada, which supplies over 10 billion board feet annually. SPF is widely used in framing, wall studs, and trusses due to its strength-to-weight ratio and ease of use. One of SPF’s defining characteristics is its stable moisture reaction, but it requires careful management in environments with forced-air heating. Northern homes that rely on such systems can dry out SPF lumber, leading to potential shrinkage if moisture levels are not regulated. Builders in these regions must ensure proper humidity control to maintain SPF’s performance over time.

Douglas Fir

Douglas Fir is one of the most durable and strongest softwood species available, with an annual U.S. production of approximately 10-12 billion board feet. It is predominantly sourced from the Pacific Northwest, including Oregon, Washington, and Northern California, as well as from British Columbia in Canada. Douglas Fir is favored for heavy framing, beams, and industrial applications due to its straight grain and remarkable strength. Unlike SYP and SPF, Douglas Fir maintains stability better in varying humidity conditions, though controlled acclimation before installation is still beneficial. It performs well in both northern and southern climates, making it one of the most versatile species for structural applications.

Hem Fir

Hem Fir, produced primarily in the western United States and Canada, contributes about 4-6 billion board feet annually to the lumber market. Softer than Douglas Fir but still strong enough for framing, Hem Fir is commonly used for paneling, decorative applications, and light structural work. One of its key characteristics is its tendency to absorb and release moisture more readily than Douglas Fir. This makes it more vulnerable to movement in dry indoor environments, requiring careful treatment and sealing to maintain stability. Hem Fir is a reliable choice for applications where aesthetics are important, but builders must take extra precautions when using it in regions with fluctuating humidity levels.

The Importance of Native Species Performance

One of the most critical factors in lumber performance is the native climate where the wood species originates. Understanding these dynamics helps builders and framers choose the right species for the right job—ensuring long-lasting, high-quality construction.

As the market shifts, volatility can mount pressure on regions that traditionally do not rely on Canadian wood. The reallocation of resources could increase volatility in unexpected areas, causing a ripple effect throughout the entire framing industry.

The Power of Relationships in Uncertain Times

In an industry facing unpredictable tariffs, fluctuating material costs, and supply chain challenges, the most valuable resource we have is our relationships. Our long-standing partnerships with suppliers, manufacturers, and industry peers allow us to navigate uncertainty with greater confidence. Open and transparent communication with suppliers ensures we can secure the materials we need while maintaining efficiency. Strong connections with builders and developers help us collaborate on creative solutions and risk management strategies. Within our professional networks, such as the National Framers Council and SBCA, we can share knowledge, explore strategies, and support one another through challenging times. By prioritizing relationships, we reinforce the foundation of our industry—one built not just on wood, but on trust, collaboration, and shared resilience. 

PEDRO LOUREIRO 
NFC President

¹ Learn more about wood species and their differences: www.sbcacomponents.com/media/why-its-critical-to-understand-lumber-species-groups;
www.sbcacomponents.com/media/how-to-read-a-us-softwood-lumber-grade-stamp; www.sbcacomponents.com/media/structural-lumber-buyer-best-practices